I've been asked to expand a bit on the subjects of UI and AI.
Players may gain information from a number of different sources. For example, from the calls and plays made on a hand, or from mannerisms or remarks made by an opponent or by partner. Law 16 says that information obtained from the actual calls and plays is authorized to everybody. Information from mannerisms (I would include remarks here as well) is authorized to opponents of the player exhibiting the mannerism or making the comment, but not to his partner.
All other information is extraneous. Extraneous information from your partner that may suggest a call or play is not authorized to you. Example "Damn. I should have passed originally." If it doesn't suggest a call or play, it's "authorized" (but you aren't gonna do anything bridge-wise with it, so who cares?) Example: "I'm gonna be a grandmother." If you have unauthorized information from partner, you must make every effort to avoid taking advantage of it. In particular, given a set of logical alternative actions, you may not take one demonstrably suggested over another by UI,
even if you have the same information from an authorized source. "I was always going to bid 4
♠" is not justification for doing so in the presence of UI. The
only justification for doing so is that AI makes the other possible action (e.g., pass)
not a logical alternative.
Extraneous information from other sources - such as overhearing something from another table, or seeing cards from someone else's hand before the auction starts - is unauthorized if it may affect the result on a board. When you have this kind of information, call the director
immediately and let him deal with it.
Calls or plays may be withdrawn in the course of dealing with an irregularity. Information from such withdrawn calls or plays is extraneous, but is authorized to the NOS, whether it came from their side or opponents, and unauthorized to the offending side, again whichever side it came from.
In the specific case that started this thread, opener bid 2
♠, responder tanked (did 2nd seat take the mandatory ten second pause before passing?), an opponent started making comments about the presumed strength of responder's hand, responder finally raised, opener bid game, and opponents started grilling and lesson giving - not in a pleasant manner.
The first infraction here was quite possibly 2nd seat's failure to comply with the mandatory 10 second pause after a skip bid (whether or not the skip bid warning was given). If he did comply, the first infraction was the comment about responder's strength. Note that responder's hesitation is
not in itself an infraction of law.
What UI is there in this case? First, opponent's comment regarding responder's strength is UI to his partner (opponent's, not responder's, partner). Responder's break in tempo (BIT) is not UI, but it may, by inference,
convey UI. In particular, opener might infer, as the opponent implied, that responder had a good hand. Note that here we have AI from an opponent's comment, and UI from responder's BIT, that say the same thing. However, opener cannot take advantage of the UI,
unless he has no logical alternative. IOW, if pass is an LA, and the information suggests 4
♠, the latter is not permitted. The grilling and lesson giving may convey information about the hands; such information is UI to the defense and AI to the declarer - but note that inferences from comments and mannerisms of opponents are at one's own risk, unless an illegal deception was involved.
The grilling and lesson giving, indeed the opponents' attitude in general, is a violation of the proprieties which can (should, IMO) result in a penalty.
Regarding taking notes, memory aids, and UI: you may not refer to any aids to "memory, calculation, or technique" during the auction and play of a hand, with one specific exception: if SO regulations require an opponent to provide you with a written suggested defense to a call in their system, that defense is in effect considered a part of the
opponents' convention card, and you may refer to it at your turn, just as you may refer to their CC. Note that they may not refer to it - it's UI to them. Your CC is UI to you (but you can refer to it between hands). I'm going to ease up, perhaps, on my earlier opinion and say that you can record the auction while the opening lead is being made, but may not refer to it during the play (you can ask for a review if you haven't played to the first trick). You cannot take notes on the auction
during the auction, and then refer to them later in the auction or during the play.
You are permitted to ask to see all cards of the current trick until you turn yours over. Once you do that, you cannot ask to see the others' again, nor expose your own.
I hope I didn't miss anything.
2♦:4nt
6nt