First of all here is the scenario - You are playing with a NEW partner and have agreed upon 2/1 as system.
1) What is the standard approach for openers rebid after a forcing NT?
2) What is the standard approach for responders rebid after an initial 1NT bid?
My understanding of the "standard";
1a) Openers rebid of 2m after 1NT require => 3 cards (ONLY exception is 4522 if not playing Flannery). Both 2c and 2d rebid MAY ONLY CONTAIN 3 of that specific suit.
1b) Opener rebid of 2M is minimum with => 6 cards AND does NOT deny 4 card minor holding HOWEVER the major suit is playable opposite a singleton and in comparison the repeat of the major is more important than introducing the minor.
1c) Opener rebid of 2N promises 18-19 balanced and in the case of opening 1S this denies 4 hearts but may contain 5242 or 5224 if the minor is of poor quality.
1d) Opener rebid of 2x THEN 2NT describes 15+ to 17.
1e) Opener rebid of 3N promise minimum of AKQxxx in spade suit and 7 1/2 tricks if minimal hcp (6 spades, side ace and side king) and in general a balanced hand.
1f) Jump shifts are FORCING TO GAME with the ability to escape into 4m ONLY under dire circumstances. * Jump shifts are not only a descritption of hcp and playing strength, JUMP SHIFTS ALSO PROMISE VERY GOOD SUITS.
1g) Rebids of 3M describe an invitational hand (obviously) and in general require some "help" in the spade suit and denies a good 4+ card side suit.
1h) Rebids of 4x (not 4c or 4d) are self sufficient splinters in which hand can play opposite a void in the major but flawed for a 2C opener.
1i) Rebids of 4M are 4-4/12 loser hands with lots of offensive potential and are lacking in side suit controls (hence the responder can bid on with a sufficient combination of aces and/or kings).
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2a) Under NO circumstance is responder to PASS 2m rebid by opener with 2 of the major and 4 of the minor.
2b) 2N rebid after any rebid by opener is invitational hand of some sort (may contain in certain hands 3 of the major - most likely 3 small).
2c) Direct raise of 2m to 3m require decent values and 5 pieces IF only 2 of major and under may contain 4 GOOD pieces IF <= 1 of major.
2d) PASS is only allowed under extreme circumstances. Since opener can still have a VERY good hand, pass would be defines as a minimum hand (~7/8 hcp with minor fit, 5 pieces if 2 of major or 4 pieces if <= 1 or major). IF GOOD HOLDING IN THAT MINOR (AQJXX or AQxxx with side card then rebid is MANDATORY whether it is 2M or 3m).
3e) 3N - After 2x response by opener, 3N would describe a hand not good enough for 2/1 but too good for invite.
3f) 3M - After 2x response by opener, 3M is 3 card limit raise (obviously).
3g) 4M - He,He ... I would assume this is mixed 4 or 5 card trump raise (not good enough for limit raise but too good to NOT bid game, typically would have a defensive value). This is unlikely bid, but I think worthy of discussion as to what people would assume standard.
3h) After jump shift by opener;
i) Direct 4 level bids are weakest bids can make (direct minor suit raise or jump to 4M).
ii) 3NT = descriptive, slam improbable.
iii) Introduce new suit is either (a) suit or (

iii) 4NT would be BW for that minor.
iv) 3M then 4NT would be BW for the major.
* Now this is what I would personally consider the standard. After some feedback regarding standard I will post some of my personal preferences on treatment. I would additionally find it valuable if other people could post some of their preferences or arguments to my understanding of "standard".